![]() Differing from the regime somewhat, he defined the Turkish in purely ethnic terms and came to look outside the borders of the country for a kinship with other Turkic peoples. Initially dismissed as an extremist, his ideas began to find more favour after the Young Turk Revolution and founding of the Second Meşrutiyet (limited form of democracy). The work called on Turks to abandon the multi-ethnic Ottoman Empire and instead to turn wholly to their Turkish identity. He garnered most attention for his 1904 work Üç Tarz-ı Siyaset (Three Policies), which was originally printed in the Cairo-based magazine Türk. He returned to Russia in 1903 and began to write extensively on the topic. He failed to complete this course as he was accused of belonging to a seditious movement and was exiled to Fezzan. ![]() (age 58) Ulyanovsk, Ulyanovsk Oblast, Russia ![]()
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